Nanotechnology
domingo, 17 de febrero de 2013
jueves, 1 de noviembre de 2012
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology
Origin
Around the same time, K. Eric Drexler developed and popularized the concept of nanotechnology and founded the field of molecular nanotechnology. In 1979, Drexler encountered Richard Feynman's 1959 talk "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom". The term "nanotechnology", originally coined by Norio Taniguchi in 1974, was unknowingly appropriated by Drexler in his 1986 book Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology, which proposed the idea of a nanoscale "assembler" which would be able to build a copy of itself and of other items of arbitrary complexity.
Larger to smaller: a materials perspective
Origin
Around the same time, K. Eric Drexler developed and popularized the concept of nanotechnology and founded the field of molecular nanotechnology. In 1979, Drexler encountered Richard Feynman's 1959 talk "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom". The term "nanotechnology", originally coined by Norio Taniguchi in 1974, was unknowingly appropriated by Drexler in his 1986 book Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology, which proposed the idea of a nanoscale "assembler" which would be able to build a copy of itself and of other items of arbitrary complexity.
Larger to smaller: a materials perspective
Several phenomena become pronounced as the size of the
system decreases. These include statistical mechanical effects, as
well as quantum mechanical effects, for example the “quantum size effect” where the
electronic properties of solids are altered with great reductions in particle
size. This effect does not come into play by going from macro to micro
dimensions. However, quantum effects become dominant when the nanometer size
range is reached, typically at distances of 100 nanometers or less, the
so-called quantum realm. Additionally, a number of physical (mechanical,
electrical, optical, etc.) properties change when compared to macroscopic
systems.
Simple
to complex: a molecular perspective
Modern synthetic chemistry has reached the
point where it is possible to prepare small molecules to almost any structure.
These methods are used today to manufacture a wide variety of useful chemicals
such as pharmaceuticals or commercial polymers. This ability
raises the question of extending this kind of control to the next-larger level,
seeking methods to assemble these single molecules into supramolecular assemblies consisting
of many molecules arranged in a well defined manner.
Molecular
nanotechnology: a long-term view
Molecular nanotechnology, sometimes called molecular
manufacturing, describes engineered nanosystems (nanoscale machines) operating
on the molecular scale. Molecular nanotechnology is especially associated with
the molecular assembler, a machine that can produce a desired structure or
device atom-by-atom using the principles of mechanosynthesis.
Manufacturing in the context of productive nanosystems is not related
to, and should be clearly distinguished from, the conventional technologies
used to manufacture nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles.
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